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Glossary of Bio-Based and Renewable Materials, Electronics, and Energy Systems


Navigation the world of bio-based materials and renewable energy can be a complex endeavor, given the multitude of terms and jargon involved.


This blog post aims to demystify this field by providing a comprehensive glossary designed to be accessible to the general public while also delving into specifics, particularly around organic and bio-based electronics, batteries, and solar cells.


A Comprehensive A-Z Glossary

Abundant Materials

Materials that are readily available in large quantities on Earth, such as silicon and aluminum.

Active Layer

The layer within an organic electronic device responsible for the generation and transport of charge carriers.

Anode/Cathode

Electrodes in a battery or cell where oxidation and reduction occur. In organic electronics, these facilitate electron or hole transport.

Band Gap

The energy difference between the valence and conduction bands in semiconductors, often tunable in organic materials.

Bio-based

Materials originating from living or once-living organisms, like bio-plastics made from corn.

Bio-composites

Composite materials made from organic fibers and a matrix, offering improved strength and reduced weight.

Bio-degradable

Materials capable of being decomposed naturally by microbial action.

Bio-economy

An economic model where materials, chemicals, and energy are derived from renewable biological resources.

Bio-electrocatalyst

A biological material facilitating electrochemical reactions in fuel cells or flow batteries.

Bio-fuels

Fuels derived from organic materials, such as ethanol or biodiesel.

Biomass

Organic material from plants and animals, often used as a renewable energy source.

Carbon Neutral

A state where the net carbon emissions are zero, typically by offsetting emitted carbon.

Carbon Sequestration

Long-term capture and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Circularity

A model where waste is minimized by reusing, sharing, repairing, and recycling materials.

Closed-Loop System

A production and consumption model that eliminates waste through reusing and recycling.

Conductive Polymers

Organic polymers that conduct electricity, used in flexible electronics and solar cells.

Cradle-to-Cradle

Capturing all environmental impacts of a product from raw material to disposal.

Critical Materials

Materials crucial for economic and national security but with supply risks, such as rare earth elements.

Dopants

Substances added in small quantities to semiconductors to modify electrical properties.

Downcycling

Converting waste materials into new materials of lesser quality.

Ecodesign

Design that minimizes negative environmental impacts throughout a product's life.

Electron/Hole Mobility

How quickly electrons or holes can move through a semiconductor material.

Emissions

Releases of substances, often greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere.

Energy Density

Amount of energy stored in a given system, substance, or space.

Energy Harvesting

Capturing and storing energy from external sources, like sunlight in solar cells.

Flexible Electronics

Electronics on flexible substrates, often made of organic or bio-based materials.

Flow Batteries

Rechargeable batteries storing energy in liquid electrolytes. Bio-based flow batteries use organic redox-active molecules.

Footprint

Environmental impact measurement, often in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.

Fuel Cells

Devices converting chemical energy into electrical energy. Bio-fuel cells utilize bio-based fuels or microbial metabolic processes.

Greenwashing

Making misleading claims about the environmental benefits of a product or service.

Inverted Architecture

A design improving stability in organic photovoltaic cells and allowing for a wider range of materials.

Ionic Liquids

Room-temperature liquid salts, often used as electrolytes in organic and bio-based batteries.

Joule Thief

A circuit extending battery life by enabling lower-voltage operation.

LCA (Life-Cycle Assessment)

Evaluating the environmental impact of a product throughout its lifecycle.

LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy)

Comparing the cost-effectiveness of different energy sources, considering all related costs.

Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)

Core component in a fuel cell. Organic or bio-based materials are being researched for sustainable options.

Organic Photodetectors

Devices made from organic materials that are sensitive to light.

Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Flow batteries using organic compounds as redox-active species for lower toxicity and better biodegradability.

Perovskite Solar Cells

Solar cells using a perovskite-structured compound for the light-harvesting layer.

Quantum Dots

Nanocrystals with quantum mechanical properties, used in displays and solar cells for their tunable band gaps.

Rare Materials

Materials not readily available due to rarity or extraction difficulties.

Redox Couples

Chemical species participating in reversible electrochemical reactions, especially in organic flow batteries.

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions where the oxidation state of atoms changes, crucial for batteries and fuel cells.

Regenerative Agriculture

Farming practices improving soil health, capturing carbon, and maintaining ecosystems.

Renewable

Derived from resources naturally replenished, like sunlight, wind, or water.

Solid-State Battery

Batteries using solid electrodes and electrolytes for higher energy densities and safety.

Sourcing

Practice of finding and procuring materials, potentially sustainable based on methods and materials.

Toxicity

Degree to which a substance can harm living organisms.

Transparent Conductive Films

Thin films that are both electrically conductive and transparent, used in organic solar cells and displays.

Upcycling

Transforming waste materials into new materials of better quality or environmental value.

Waste Stream

Flow of waste from domestic or industrial areas to final disposal, including recycling and treatment.


Please let us know if you would like to add words to the list!



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